Guidelines for the use of lichens as bioaccumulators - English version

These guidelines are based on the review of best practices and results of recent methodological and applicative studies. The guidelines address the use of epiphytic lichens (bioaccumulation by native lichens and lichen transplants) to monitor spatial and temporal trends of element concentrations (macro-elements and trace elements) related to atmospheric pollutant depositions. In this document, all the phases of a biomonitoring survey are separately addressed. Moreover, a guidance framework and practical details concerning the equipment and protocols for the collection, preparation, exposure and retrieving of lichen samples are made available, along with good practices for the elaboration, expression, and interpretation of results.

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